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Feed back - Conveks

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Feed back

Feed back, al weer zo’n term die uit de techniek (cybernetica en procesbesturing) de wereld van de organisatiekunde is binnen gedrongen. Even voor de goede orde. De term betekent eigenlijk het terugvoeren van een deel van de output van een proces en dat bijmengen bij de input. Wat we in organisatietermen bedoelen met feed back is eigenlijk ingrijpen in het bewerkingsproces zelf (het gedrag) op basis van de output. In termen van procesbesturing heet dat echter inrichten of inregelen. Dat klinkt natuurlijk minder sympathiek, maar is qua beeldspraak wel juister. Overigens is het gebruik van het werkwoord ingrijpen gezien de regels voor het geven van feed back wellicht wat te sterk.
Maar veronderstel nu eens dat we de betekenis van feed back wel iets letterlijker nemen. Wat zou dat opleveren?
Input en context
Gedrag van mensen ontstaat (grotendeels) als reactie op stimuli uit de omgeving. Bijvoorbeeld een collega werpt bezwaren op tegen een door ons voorgestelde aanpak of een leiding gevende geeft instructies over hoe een bepaalde klus aan te pakken (ja, wonderbaarlijk genoeg komt dat nog steeds voor, maar daarover een andere keer meer). In het eerste geval zou je kunnen reageren met weerleggingen of met doorvragen, in het tweede geval met uitvoeren van de instructies, vragen naar de reden of met sociaal gewenst gedrag. Er zijn natuurlijk nog wel meer mogelijkheden. In ieder geval is de boodschap dat het gedrag ontstaat als reactie op een gebeurtenis in je omgeving binnen de context van de organisatiecultuur. Met een beetje fantasie zou je die stimuli als onderdeel van de organisatiecontext kunnen zien als input voor je gedrag. Als je tevens bereid bent het gedrag als proces te zien dan kunnen we een alternatief voor feed back geven: Het bijmengen van een deel van de output bij de input van het proces, kun je dan in organisatietermen vertalen in het aanpassen van de context voor gedrag op basis van wat dat gedrag teweeg brengt (de output). Ik kom hier op terug na een kort intermezzo over leren en context.
Leren en context
“Hoe helpt ons dat nu verder?” Hoor ik je al denken. Welnu, dat gaat als volgt. Een veel gezien probleem in verandertrajecten is het volgende: De nieuw ontworpen organisatie vergt ander gedrag van de medewerkers. Om ze daarbij zo goed mogelijk te helpen is er een training ontworpen om dat nieuwe gedrag aan te leren en te oefenen. Echter, vaak blijkt dan bij terugkomst in de organisatie weinig aan de context te zijn veranderd en wordt de net getrainde medewerker aan dezelfde stimuli blootgesteld als voorafgaand aan de training en deze stimuli (ver)leiden tot het oude gedrag, het gedrag van voor de training. Niets veranderd dus.
Vervolg feed back
Feed back in de nieuwe betekenis zou dit probleem kunnen verhelpen. Immers als je ervoor zorgt dat bij terugkomst in de organisatie de nieuw getrainde medewerker te maken krijgt met een zodanige context (stimuli) dat hij wordt verleid tot het nieuw aangeleerde gedrag, zal zij of hij dat gewenste gedrag ook makkelijker gaan vertonen. Feed back in deze nieuwe betekenis (die eigenlijk dichter bij de originele beeldspraak blijft), maakt het leren in verandertrajecten dus functioneel. Het verhoogt het rendement van de investering in opleiding en training!
Leren en veranderen
Leren speelt een belangrijke rol in verandertrajecten. Dat leren is een complex proces en er bestaan nogal wat misverstanden over hoe dat leren in zijn werk gaat. Als je meer wilt weten over hoe succesvol complexe verandertrajecten te doorlopen, welke rol leren daarin speelt, wat de valkuilen zijn, lees mijn boek Veranderen zonder weerstand.
Ten slotte
Wat mij betreft kunnen we e.e.a. gewoon feed back blijven noemen, maar wat we dan dus eigenlijk bedoelen is spiegelen.


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